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你是否曾在餐厅用餐时听到有人问：“这里有tissue吗？”或者在感冒时随手抓起一张napkin擦鼻涕？虽然napkin和tissue都是“纸巾”，但它们的用途和场景却大不相同。今天，我们就来彻底搞清楚napkin和tissue的区别，帮助你在日常生活中选对纸巾，避免尴尬！📋 一、napkin和tissue的核心区别定义与用途napkin：主要用于餐桌场景，用来擦拭嘴或手，保持用餐礼仪整洁。材质：可以是布料（如传统西餐布餐巾）或较厚的纸质（如一次性餐巾纸）。常见场景：家庭聚餐、正式宴会、快餐店等。例句：The waiter handed me a napkin after I spilled my soup.（服务员在我洒了汤后递给了我一张餐巾。）tissue：泛指日常使用的面巾纸，适合擦鼻涕、擦汗、清洁等多种用途。材质：通常为轻薄柔软的纸张，方便携带和使用。常见场景：感冒时、流汗时、厨房清洁、卫生需求等。例句：Can you pass me a tissue? My nose is running.（你能递给我一张纸巾吗？我流鼻涕了。）文化背景与习惯在西方国家，napkin更多与餐桌礼仪相关，而tissue则是日常清洁工具。在一些亚洲国家，人们可能不会严格区分两者，导致napkin和tissue被混用，尤其是在非正式场合。🌍 二、napkin和tissue的使用场景对比类别napkintissue材质布料或较厚纸质轻薄柔软纸质用途擦拭嘴或手，保持用餐整洁擦鼻涕、擦汗、日常清洁常见场景正式宴会、家庭聚餐、快餐店感冒时、流汗时、厨房清洁、卫生间是否可通用可有限替代（如用餐时用tissue应急）不建议用napkin代替tissue的其他功能🤔 三、napkin和tissue能否通用？有限通用场景在紧急情况下，tissue可以临时充当napkin（例如用餐时没有餐巾纸，可用面巾纸应急）。但在正式场合，用tissue代替napkin可能会显得不够礼貌，尤其是当napkin是布质时。不可通用场景napkin一般不适合用于擦鼻涕、清洁厨房或如厕后使用。尤其是布质napkin，直接用于擦鼻涕或其他卫生需求会显得非常不恰当。💡 四、如何正确选择napkin和tissue？根据场景选择如果是用餐场景，优先选择napkin，特别是正式场合。如果是日常清洁需求，选择tissue更为合适。根据材质选择如果需要耐用性（如擦拭油腻食物），选择较厚的纸质napkin。如果需要便携性（如随身携带），选择轻薄的tissue。📝 五、小贴士：napkin和tissue的文化趣闻在英国，napkin曾被称为“serviette”，但后来逐渐被napkin取代。在日本，人们习惯用小型湿巾（wet tissue）代替napkin清洁手部，尤其是在吃拉面或烧烤时。🌟 总结：napkin和tissue的区别napkin = 餐桌专用，注重礼仪和用餐整洁。tissue = 日常多功能，适合多种清洁需求。核心原则：根据场景和功能选择合适的纸巾，既能体现礼仪，又能满足实际需求！希望这篇文章能帮你彻底分清napkin和tissue，并在日常生活中选对纸巾！如果你还有其他疑问，随时告诉我哦～ 😊
不定代词在日常交流中非常有用，它们帮助我们指代不特定的人、事物或地点。本文我们将探讨不定代词是什么、它们的类型、如何使用它们以及应避免的常见错误。什么是不定代词？与指代特定人、地点或事物的定代词（例如“he”“this”“those”）不同，不定代词更为笼统。它们不指代特定的人、事物或地点，而是在主体未知、未指明或在语境中不重要时使用。例如：指代人：someone、anyone、everyone、no one指代事物：something、anything、everything、nothing指代地点：somewhere、anywhere、everywhere、nowhere定代词与不定代词定代词用于指代特定的、可识别的人、事物或地点。例如“he”“she”“this”“those”和“it”。而不定代词则用于指代非特定的实体，如上所述。以下是两者的一个快速比较：特征定代词不定代词特指性指代特定实体指代非特定实体指代的清晰度依赖语境自成一体且笼统例子he、she、this、thosesomeone、anything、everywhere语境用于特定情境用于一般或模糊情境使用情况主体已知时使用主体未知时使用句子中的使用She is coming to the meeting.Someone is waiting outside.常见不定代词的类型这些代词可以根据它们的用法进行分类：肯定不定代词用于肯定句中。例如：someone、something、somewhere例句：Someone left their book on the table.否定不定代词表示人、事物或地点的缺失。例如：no one、nothing、nowhere例句：There’s nothing in the fridge.泛指不定代词指代一个群体的所有成员。例如：everyone、everything、everywhere例句：Everyone enjoyed the party.非特定不定代词当没有必要指明主体时使用。例如：anyone、anything、anywhere例句：Does anyone have a pen?不定代词列表单数不定代词anybody、anyone、anything、each、either、everybody、everyone、everything、neither、nobody、no one、nothing、one、somebody、someone、something复数不定代词both、few、many、others、several根据语境可单数可复数的不定代词all、any、more、most、none、some复合不定代词anybody else、someone else、nobody else如何在英语中使用不定代词本节探讨如何使用这些代词。我们将讨论它们在句子中的位置、独特特征以及使用规则。位置这些代词可以在句子中的不同位置出现。以下是它们通常的用法：主语位置例句：Someone is calling.解释：代词“someone”充当句子的主语。宾语位置例句：He’s calling someone.解释：代词“someone”作为动词“calling”的宾语。独特特征不定代词与其他代词在几个方面有所不同：位置不变形与人称代词（例如“he”在用作宾语时变为“him”）不同，不定代词在主语和宾语位置上都保持相同的形式。被形容词修饰不定代词可以被形容词修饰，但这些形容词放在代词之后，而不是之前。例句：Would you like something else?解释：形容词“else”（意为“其他的”）修饰“something”。这是一个独特的特点，因为“else”专门与不定代词和疑问词搭配使用。使用不定代词的规则动词一致性单数不定代词（例如everyone、someone）使用单数动词。例句：Everyone is ready for the trip.复数不定代词（例如some、many）使用复数动词。例句：Many were excited about the event.不定代词的所有格形容词你可以使用复数所有格形容词“their”与单数不定代词搭配。例句：“Someone left their jacket on the chair.”（现代用法中正确）虽然传统的语法规则建议对像“someone”“everyone”和“anyone”这样的单数不定代词使用“his”或“her”，但现代英语越来越多地使用“their”作为这些代词的性别中性所有格形容词。这种用法避免了假设性别，并在当代英语中被广泛接受。否定句避免在否定不定代词中使用双重否定：错误：I don’t need no one’s help.这个句子包含双重否定。“don’t”和“no”共同构成了双重否定。在标准英语中，像这样使用两个否定词会形成令人困惑或不合语法的结构，因为这两个否定词在技术上相互抵消，使句子看起来像是你在说你需要帮助（尽管这并非你的本意）。正确：I need no one’s help.注意：“I don’t need anyone’s help”也是正确的。“anyone”是否定不定代词，但它并不构成双重否定。在英语中，当“anyone”和类似的代词（如“anything”和“anybody”）用于否定句时，它们只是表达某人或某物的缺乏或缺失。不定代词的常见错误使用复数动词与单数代词搭配错误：Everyone are here.正确：Everyone is here.否定代词与非特定代词混淆错误：I didn’t see nobody.正确：I didn’t see anybody.所有格形容词使用不一致较不推荐：Someone forgot his bag.较不推荐：Someone forgot her bag.正确：Someone forgot his or her bag.正确：Someone forgot their bag.（现代英语中更常见）不定代词例句以下是一些例句：Someone left their jacket on the chair.There isn’t anything to eat in the fridge.Everybody loves a good story.Did you see anyone at the park this morning?There’s nothing better than a warm cup of tea on a cold day.Everything in the store is on sale today!Nobody knew the answer to the difficult question.You can take anything you want from the bookshelf.Somebody knocked on the door, but they left before I could answer.Everything seemed perfect during the vacation.Anyone can join the meeting, regardless of their experience.Nothing will stop us from reaching our goals.Each of the students received a certificate for their hard work.There’s someone at the door who wants to speak with you.Many are called, but few are chosen.练习题用合适的词填空：__ called you while you were out. (someone/everyone)She doesn’t know __ about the incident. (anything/nothing)We can go __ you want. (anywhere/somewhere)__ left their umbrella in the hallway. (someone/no one)There’s __ we haven’t tried on the menu yet. (something/everything)答案→ Someone called you while you were out.→ She doesn’t know anything about the incident.→ We can go anywhere you want.→ Someone left their umbrella in the hallway.→ There’s something we haven’t tried on the menu yet.常见问题解答什么是不定代词？不定代词是可以替代名词而不具体指明所指的人、事物或数量的词。它们用于谈论一般或未知的实体。例如：Someone called you earlier.Nobody likes bad news.不定代词与其他代词有何不同？与指代特定人或事物的定代词或人称代词（例如he、she、they）不同，不定代词用于一般、未知或非特定的实体。例如：人称代词：“He is coming to the meeting.”不定代词：“Someone is coming to the meeting.”不定代词是如何分类的？不定代词通常根据它们的数进行分类：单数：指代一个人或事物的不定代词（例如anyone、each、nothing）。复数：指代多个人或事物（例如many、few、others）。单数或复数：根据语境可以是单数或复数（例如all、some、none）。不定代词在句子中的作用是什么？不定代词通过在特定细节不必要或未知时替代名词来简化语言。它们可以充当主语或宾语。它们有助于表达概括、不确定或抽象的概念。例如：Instead of：“A person called you earlier, but I don’t know which person.”– Use: “Someone called you earlier.”
你可能听说过英语有12种时态，或者有人告诉你有16种。那么英语到底有多少种时态呢？时态的定义在语言学中，时态是动词的一种形式，用来表示动作发生的时间。英语有两种基本的时态：现在时和过去时。现在时用来表示现在发生的动作或状态，过去时用来表示过去发生的动作或状态。例如：现在时：I work in an office.（我在办公室工作。）过去时：Yesterday, I worked late.（昨天，我工作到很晚。）将来时的特殊性将来时在英语中比较特殊。它不是通过动词本身的变形来表示的，而是需要借助情态动词“will”或“shall”。例如：I will work on the assignment tomorrow.（我明天会做作业。）由于这种特殊的表达方式，有些语言学家不把将来时算作独立的时态。但从教学和实际应用的角度来看，我们通常会把它当作一种时态来处理。12种时态的构成为了方便教学和学习，我们通常把英语的时态分为三大类：现在时、过去时和将来时。每种时态又可以和四种体（简单、进行、完成、完成进行）结合，从而形成12种时态。以下是各时态的构成公式及例句：时态构成公式例句现在简单时主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数形式）I work in an office.（我在办公室工作。）现在进行时主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing形式I am working on a project.（我正在做一个项目。）现在完成时主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词I have worked here for five years.（我在这里工作了五年。）现在完成进行时主语 + have/has been + 动词-ing形式I have been working on this task for hours.（我已经在这项任务上工作了好几个小时。）过去简单时主语 + 动词过去式Yesterday, I worked late.（昨天，我工作到很晚。）过去进行时主语 + was/were + 动词-ing形式At 3 PM yesterday, I was working on a report.（昨天下午3点，我正在写报告。）过去完成时主语 + had + 动词过去分词Before the meeting, I had finished my work.（会议之前，我已经完成了工作。）过去完成进行时主语 + had been + 动词-ing形式By 5 PM, I had been working for ten hours.（到下午5点，我已经工作了十个小时。）一般将来时主语 + will/shall + 动词原形I will work on the assignment tomorrow.（我明天会做作业。）将来进行时主语 + will/shall be + 动词-ing形式At this time tomorrow, I will be working.（明天这个时候，我将会在工作。）将来完成时主语 + will/shall have + 动词过去分词By next year, I will have completed my degree.（到明年，我将会完成我的学位。）将来完成进行时主语 + will/shall have been + 动词-ing形式In a month, I will have been working here for a year.（一个月后，我在这里工作就满一年了。）条件语气相关时态除了上述12种时态，还有一些与时态相关的语法结构，那就是条件语气。条件语气用于表示实现依赖于其他条件的事件。它通常由情态动词“would”与光杆不定式构成。条件语气也可以和各种时态结合，从而形成4种时态。以下是各时态的构成公式及例句：时态构成公式例句简单条件时态主语 + would + 动词原形If it rained, I would stay indoors.（如果下雨，我会待在室内。）条件进行时主语 + would be + 动词-ing形式If it were raining, I would be working from home.（如果正在下雨，我会在家工作。）条件完成时主语 + would have + 动词过去分词If I had known, I would have attended the meeting.（如果我知道了，我会去参加会议。）条件完成进行时主语 + would have been + 动词-ing形式If it had been raining, I would have been working inside.（如果当时在下雨，我会在里面工作。）16种时态总结综合考虑上述内容，我们可以得出英语有16种时态。以下是这16种时态在不同体或语气下的现在、过去、将来、条件形式的总结：体/语气现在过去将来条件简单体I walkI walkedI will walkI would walk进行体I am walkingI was walkingI will be walkingI would be walking完成体I have walkedI had walkedI will have walkedI would have walked完成进行体I have been walkingI had been walkingI will have been walkingI would have been walking总结英语时态的数量取决于我们如何定义时态。从语言学的角度来看，英语只有两种时态：现在时和过去时。但从教学和实际应用的角度来看，我们通常会把英语的时态分为12种或16种。无论我们如何定义时态的数量，重要的是要理解时态在英语语法结构中的作用，以及如何正确使用它们来表达不同的时间关系。
序号英文中文001There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation.如果我们探测到了来自外星文明的信号，我们应该如何回应是一个备受争议的问题。002The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry.两次世界大战中断了来自日本的原材料供应，同时也抑制了欧洲的丝绸工业。003Migration is a complex issue, and biologists define it differently,depending in part on what sorts of animals they study.迁徙是一个复杂的问题，生物学家对它有不同的定义，部分取决于他们研究的动物种类。004One way is by organising backstage tours, so people can be shown round the building and learn how a theatre operates.一种方式是组织后台参观，这样人们就可以参观建筑，了解剧院是如何运作的。005What Im afraid will happen is that books and magazines will all disappear, and there l1 just be rows and rows of computers.我担心会发生的是，书和杂志都将消失，剩下的只有一排排电脑。006The psychological laboratory has a strong claim to legitimacy and evokes trust and confidence in those who perform there.这个心理学实验室坚决声明拥有合法性并唤起了在那里参与实验的人们的信任和信心。007The displays of art museums serve as a warning of what critical practices can emerge when spontaneous criticism is suppressed.艺术博物馆的陈列警示我们当自发的（艺术）批评被压制时会出现何种（艺术）批评。008Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing population.垂直农业试图解决我们在为不断增长的人口生产足够粮食时所面临的不容置疑的问题。009It was not unti1 1500 BC, however, that the first hollow glass container was made by covering a sand core with a layer of molten glass.然而，直到公元前1500年，第一个中空玻璃容器才通过用一层熔融玻璃覆盖砂芯制成。010Many theorists believe the ideal boss should lead from behind, taking pride in collective accomplishment and giving credit where it is due.许多理论家认为理想的老板应该在后方指挥，以集体成就为荣，并给予员工应得的荣誉。011Though we might think of film as an essentially visual experience, we really cannot afford to underestimate the importance of film sound.虽然我们可能认为电影本质上是一种视觉体验，但我们真的不能低估电影声音的重要性。012As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the European economy and its system of production.就货物运输而言，其增长在很大程度上是由欧洲经济及其生产体系的变化造成的。013In order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials, which indicate time by the length or direction of the sun s shadow.为了在白天记录日光时，发明家创造了靠阳光影子的长度或方向来指示时间的日晷。014Lee Hall s analysis of figures comparing the times of the fires and the proportion of seed that germinated was done in a lot of detail-very Impressive.李·霍尔对火灾发生的次数和种子发芽的比例进行了对比和数字分析，他的分析非常详尽——令人印象深刻。015While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people s health.如果狩猎和诱捕受到气候变化的限制，因纽特人可能实际上也不会挨饿，但这肯定会对他们的健康产生影响。016It would seem that the brain sees these images as puzzles, and the harder it is to decipher the meaning, the more rewarding is the moment of recognition.似乎大脑把这些图像看成是拼图，越难解读其中的含义，识别出来时就越令人满意。017Such material, even where it appears comparatively trivial, can have a serious effect on the company, supplier or customer if it falls into the wrong hands.如果这类材料落到坏人手中，即使在看来相对微不足道的地方，也会对公司、供应商或客户产生严重影响。018If the glass were kept hot enough, it would flow over the molten tin until the top surface was also flat, horizontal and perfectly parallel to the bottom surface.如果玻璃保持足够的热度，它会流满熔化的锡表面，直到顶部表面也变得平坦、水平，且完全与其底部表面平行。019It was once assumed that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population as people were no longer forced into cities.人们曾经认为，电信的进步使人们不再被迫流向城市，这将导致人口更加分散。020Compared to language, all other inventions pale in significance, since everything we have ever achieved depends on language and originates from it.与语言相比，所有其他的发明都相形见绌，因为我们所取得的一切都依赖于语言，并源于语言。021It s true there are new regulations for mercury emissions from power plants, but these will need billions of dollars to implement and increase costs for everyone.的确，对发电厂的汞排放有了新的规定，但贯彻这些规定需要数十亿美元，而且还增加了每个人的成本。022The teacher s task is to assist the students to apply what they have learned paraconsciously, and in doing so to make it easily accessible to consclousness.教师的任务是协助学生运用他们在超意识状态下习得的知识，这样做可以使所学的知识更容易被意识接受。023However, if one of the parties in a conflict sees human resources as simply a mouthpiece for the chief executive, then an external mediator might be able to help.然而，如果冲突中的一方认为人力资源部只是首席执行官的代言人，那么一个外部调解人或许能够提供帮助。024Summer leaves are green because they are full of chlorophy11, the molecule that captures sunlight and converts that energy into new building materials for the tree.夏天的叶子是绿色的，因为它们充满了叶绿素，这种分子能吸收阳光，然后将能量转化为树的新构造材料。025If clothing fails to meet these standards, as determined by the employee s supervisor, the employee will be asked not to wear the inappropriate item to work again.如果员工着装未能满足上司规定的这些标准，该员工将会被要求不再穿戴不适宜的服饰来工作。026The participants weren t told beforehand whether the tunes were composed by humans or computers, but were asked to guess, and then rate how much they liked each one.参与者事先没有被告知这些曲调是由人还是由电脑创作的，但是要求他们去猜测，然后评估他们对每个曲调的喜爱程度。027If identical twins are more similar to each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal twins are, then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.如果就患某种疾病而言，同卵双胞胎比异卵双胞胎有更多的相似之处，那么这种疾病的易感性一定至少有一部分是源于遗传的。028Finally, perhaps the most graphic expressions of self-awareness in general can be seen in the displays of rage which are most common from 18 months to 3 years of age.最后，一般的自我认知最形象的表达方式大概是愤怒，这在18个月到3岁的孩子身上最为常见。029If we can understand how geography affects our health no matter where in the world we are located, we can better treat disease, prevent illness,and keep people safe and wel1.如果无论身处何处，我们都能理解地理是如何影响我们的健康的，我们就能更好地治疗疾病、预防疾病，保证人们安全无恙。030Similarly, people who collect dolls may go beyond simply enlarging their collection, and develop an interest in the way that dolls are made or the materials that are used.同样，收集娃娃的人可能不只是简单地扩大他们的收藏范围，而是培养对玩偶的制作方式或使用材料的兴趣。031He wanted to give people a feeling of suspense as they see the building first from a distance, and then close-up, and the shape of the building as a whole was that of a box.他想给人们一种悬念之感，当人们从远处看到建筑，然后慢慢接近，整个建筑的形状就像一个盒子。032The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, in comparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped.嗅觉不受重视的原因常常被归结为：相对于嗅觉功能对于动物的重要性，人类的嗅觉较弱而且没有充分发育。033Some of you suggested an Italian restaurant, but I must confess that I decided to book a Lebanese one, as we have plenty of opportunities to go to an Italian restaurant at home.你们有些人建议去一家意大利餐馆，但我必须坦白说，我决定订一家黎巴嫩餐厅，因为我们在国内有很多机会去意大利餐馆。034As these ancestral tortoises settled on the individual islands, the different populations adapted to their unique environments, giving rise to at least 14 different subspecies.当这些最早期的龟定居在各个岛屿上时，不同的种群适应了它们独特的环境，产生了至少14个不同的亚种。035The continuous and reckless use of synthetic chemicals for the control of pests which pose a threat to agricultural crops and human health is proving to be counter-productive.为控制害虫而连续不计后果地使用危害农作物和人类健康的人工合成化学品，结果产生了相反的效果。036Both social and cognitive types of laughter tap into the same expressive machinery in our brains, the emotion and motor circuits that produce smiles and excited vocalisations.无论是社交场合中的笑还是认知活动中的笑，都是利用我们大脑中的同一表达机制——情感和运动环路使人发笑并发出兴奋的声音。037Opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.民意调查表明，很多人支持了这一看法，认为环境标准在降低，似乎有四种因素导致这种认识与实际情况的差异。038Natural soil fertility is dropping in many areas because of continuous industrial fertilizer and pesticide use, while the growth of algae is increasing in lakes because of the fertilizer run-off.由于工业肥料和杀虫剂的持续使用，许多地区的自然土壤肥力正在下降，而湖泊中的藻类则因肥料的径流而增加。039Within the span of several centuries, the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga.在几个世纪的时间跨度里，拉皮塔人把他们的世界从巴布亚新几内亚丛林覆盖的火山延伸到汤加最孤独的珊瑚群周围。040Multiplan insurance may not cover all pre-existing medical conditions - so before you leave be sure to check with them about any long-term illnesses or di sabilities that you have.多重保险可能没有涵盖所有预先存在的医疗情况，所以在你离开之前，一定要与他们核对任何你有的长期疾病或残疾。041As the medical world continues to grapple with what s acceptable and what's not, it is clear that companies must continue to be heavily scrutinized for their sales and marketing strategies.随着医学界持续努力解决哪些是可接受的和哪些是不可接受的这一底线问题，有一点是清楚的，（制药）公司的销售和市场策略必须继续受到严格审查。042The reasoning is that if you replenish the ice sheets and frozen waters of the high latitudes, more light will be reflected back into space, So reducing the warming of oceans and atmosphere.其理论依据是，如果你补充了高纬度地区的冰盖和冰冻水域，更多的光线将会反射回太空，从而减少海洋和大气变暖。043A final theory is related to group behaviour, and suggests that sea mammals cannot distinguish between sick and healthy leaders and will follow sick leaders, even to an inevitable death.最后的这一理论与集体行为有关，认为海洋哺乳动物不能区分病态和健康的领导者，它们会跟随生病的领导者，甚至最终不可避免地死亡。044From earliest childhood we are so bound up with our system of numeration that it is a fear of imagination to consider the problems faced by early humans who had not yet developed this facility.从幼儿时期开始，我们就与自身的计算系统密切相关，以至于考虑到还未形成这种能力的早期人类所面临的问题，仅仅是想象就让我们觉得可怕。045One of my purposes in writing this book is to give readers who haven t had the opportunity to see and enjoy real mathematics the chance to appreciate the mathematical way of thinking.我写这本书的目的之一是给那些没能看到和享受真正的数学的读者一个机会去欣赏数学的思维方式。046We have also negotiated a range of benefits for staff such as discounted private healthcare and a car purchase scheme, along with a number of one-off deals with hotels and amusement parks.我们也已经为员工争取到一系列优惠福利，例如享受带有折扣的私人医疗保健、购车计划以及一些与酒店和游乐场的一次性交易。047For many enthusiasts, the ultimate flight fantasy is the jet pack, a small piece of equipment on your back which enables you to climb vertically into the air and fly forwards, backwards and turn.对许多爱好者来说，终极飞行幻想就是喷气背包，这是一种放置在背部的小型设备，使你能够垂直升空，向前或向后飞行，也能调头转弯。048The typical way of talking to a baby-high pitched, exaggerated and repetitious-is a source of fascination for linguists who hope to understand how " baby talkimpacts on learning.对那些希望了解“婴儿牙牙学语声”是如何影响学习的语言学家来说，与婴儿高声调的、夸张的、重复的典型说话方式令语言学家感兴趣。049Psychologists have long held that a person s character cannot undergo a transformation in any meaningful way and that the key traits of personality are determined at a very young age.心理学家们一直认为，一个人的性格不可能以任何有意义的方式发生转变，人格的关键特征在很小的时候就确定了。050It was only when the hull was hanging freely from the lifting frame,clear of the seabed and the suction effect of the surrounding mud, that the salvage operation progressed to the second stage.只有当船体顺利地悬挂在吊架上，离开海底和远离周围泥浆的吸力作用时，打捞工作才进入第二阶段。051They think the population of Rapa Nui grew rapidly and then remained more or less stable until the arrival of the Europeans, who introduced deadly diseases to which islanders had no immunity.他们认为，拉帕努伊岛人口增长迅速，在欧洲人到来之前保持基本稳定，欧洲人带来了致命的疾病，而岛民对这些疾病没有免疫力。052Anyway, even though these noise maps are fairly crude, they ve been useful in providing information and raising awareness that noise matters,we need to deal with it and so its a political matter.无论如何，尽管这些噪音地图粗糙且不完善，但它们在提供信息和提高人们对噪音的认识方面很有用，我们需要解决这个问题，所以这是一个政治问题。053Travel has existed since the beginning of time, when primitive man set out, often traversing great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his survival.旅行从远古时代开始就一直存在，那时原始人出发，经常长途跋涉寻找猎物，猎物为其生存提供所需的食物和衣服。054This is why composers often introduce a key note in the beginning of a song, spend most of the rest of the piece in the studious avoidance of the pattern, and then finally repeat it only at the end.这就是为什么作曲家常常在歌曲的开始定一个基调，之后在歌曲的剩余部分有意地避免这个音，最终只在结尾处重复一次。055In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an inherently higher value than others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech community.就其最通常的意义而言，规范主义认为某种语言本来就比其他语言具有更高的价值，并且这一点应该应用于整个语言社会。056What we ve decided to present today is information about just three speciesbecause we felt these gave a good indication of the processes at work in rural and urban settings as a whole.今天我们决定介绍有关三个物种的信息，因为我们觉得这些信息整体上很好地象征了农村和城市环境中的工作过程。057The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.这个月底即将公布的一项长达14年的研究结果显示，因老年而受疾病折磨的人越来越少，当老年病真的来袭时，己是生命垂暮之时。058Memory consolidation, the next step in forming an episodic memory, is the process by which memories of encoded information are strengthened,stabilised and stored to facilitate later retrieval.记忆巩固是形成情节记忆的下一个步骤，是增强、稳定和储存编码信息的记忆，以便日后检索的过程。059In the course of conducting research in a number of industries and working directly with companies, we have discovered that managers often fail to recognize the less obvious but profound ways these trends are influencing consumers aspirations, attitudes, and behaviours.在对一些行业进行研究并与公司直接合作的过程中，我们发现，经理们往往没有认识到这些趋势正影响着消费者的期望、态度和行为，虽不明显但影响极大。060The conviction that historical relics provide infallible testimony about the past is rooted in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when science was regarded as objective and value free.坚信历史遗迹可以准确无误地证明过去这一信念起源于19世纪和20世纪初期，当时人们认为科学是客观的并且不受价值观左右。061After this, many researchers switched to autoganzfeld testsan automated variant of the technique which used computers to perform many of the key tasks such as the random selection of images.此后，很多研究人员转而进行自动超感知觉全域测试一一使用自动化技术，利用电脑完成诸如随机选择图像等许多重要任务。062Unless there are no purchase facilities available at the station where you began your journey, you will be required to pay the full fare if you are unable to produce a valid ticket for inspection during a journey.除非出发地的车站没有可用的售票设施，否则一旦在旅途中检查时你无法出示有效车票，你将被要求支付全额票款。063Although population, industrial output and economic productivity have continued to soar in developed nations, the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers, rivers and lakes has slowed.尽管发达国家的人口、工业产出和经济生产力持续飞涨，但人们从含水层、河流和湖泊中抽取水的速度已经放缓。064High achievers have been found to use selfregulatory learning strategies more often and more effectively than lower achievers, and are better able to transfer these strategies to deal with unfamiliar tasks.我们发现成绩优异的学生比成绩差的学生更经常、更有效地使用自我调节的学习策略，并且能够更好地变换这些策略来处理不熟悉的任务。065Research also indicates that bilingual experience may help to keep the cognitive mechanisms sharp by recruiting alternate brain networks to compensate for those that become damaged during aging.研究还表明，双语经历可能有助于保持认知机制的敏锐性，通过运用替代的大脑网络，弥补那些在衰老过程中受到损害的大脑网络。066Not only was a monopoly of cinnamon becoming impossible, but the spice trade overall was diminishing in economic potential, and was eventually superseded by the rise of trade in coffee, tea, chocolate, and sugar.不仅肉桂的垄断变得不可能，而且香料贸易的整体经济潜力也在缩减，并最终被咖啡、茶、巧克力和糖的贸易增长所取代。067Another feature that attracted a lot of attention was an interactive journey through a number of the locations chosen for blockbuster films which had made use of New Zealand s stunning scenery as a backdrop.另一个吸引了众多关注的特点是一趟互动之旅，这趟旅行穿越了电影大片的若干取景地，这些大片充分利用了新西兰令人叹为观止的风景作为背景。068As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human agingthe build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increase vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older.就像老龄化研究者最近所指出的那样，目前市面上没有一种疗法被证实可以减缓人体衰老——随着我们慢慢变老，分子与细胞损坏也逐渐增加，这就增加了我们体弱多病的几率。069We tend to think of climate - as opposed to weather as something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at least eight glacial episodes in the past 730, 000 years.我们往往认为气候相对于天气而言是不变的，然而，人类的存在却一直受制于气候的变化，在过去的73万年里至少经历了8个冰河时期。070In common with all mammals, reptiles and birds, the remote ancestors of tortoises were marine fish and before that various more or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the primeval bacteria.与所有的哺乳动物、爬行动物和鸟类一样，乌龟的远祖是海洋中的鱼类，更早之前，它们是海洋中各种类似蠕虫的生物，这些生物可以追溯到原始细菌。071It is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow of trade,and, thanks to technological advances such as lightweight components,manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky.正是制成品主导着贸易流动，而且由于技术进步，比如轻量化的部件，制成品本身趋向于变得更轻便而不那么笨重。072Its true that the actual construction of the house was harmful to the environment, mainly because they had to use massive amounts of concrete one of the biggest sources of carbon dioxide in manufacturing.确实，实际的房屋建造对环境有害，主要是因为它们不得不使用大量的混凝土——混凝土是制造业最大的二氧化碳来源之一。073The difficulty with the evidence produced by these studies,fascinating as they are in collecting together anecdotes and apparent similarities and exceptions, is that they are not what we would today call norm-referenced.这些研究收集了奇闻轶事、明显的相似点与特例，因此很吸引人，然而，这些证据所带来的难题是，它们不是我们现在所称的常模参照。074Businesses are finding that ethnography can offer them deeper insight into the possible needs of customers, either present or future, as well as providing valuable information about their attitudes towards existing products.企业发现，人种学可以让其更深入地了解顾客的可能需求，无论是现在的还是未来的，也可以提供他们对现有产品相关态度的有价值的信息。075Education is a hiring requirement for 60% of employment opportunities,but 40% of human resources staff say that if they do not know a lot about the value of documents attained elsewhere, they will not recognise them.有60%的就业机会都会对应聘者的教育背景提出要求，但是40%的人力部工作人员表示，如果他们并不十分了解应聘者从其他地方获得的资历证书的价值，他们将不予以认可。076The impression is that the logical nature of the textbooks and their comprehensive coverage of different types of examples, combined with the relative homogeneity of the class, renders work sheets unnecessary.给人的印象是，课本的逻辑性和其中对不同类型例子的全面涵盖，再加上学生水平相对整齐划一，使得练习册无用武之地了。077Most tickets may be used for travel by Sleeper, sub ject to availability,and a reservation in a two berth cabin can be made for t25, except in the case of Solo and Special tickets, which include sleeper reservations in the fare.绝大部分车票可以用来乘坐卧铺，这要视供应情况而定，而且支付25英镑就可以预订一个双铺位隔间，但单人车票和特价车票除外，因为上述车票票价中已经包含了卧铺预订费。078Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in sea turbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships propellers, but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is constant.同风力涡轮机的运行原理一样，海上涡轮机的动力来自潮汐流，在潮汐流的作用下轮机叶片像船只的螺旋桨一样转动。但与风力不同的是，潮汐是可预测的，而且其输入功率是恒定的。079These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors.这些发现导致了神经经济学的出现，它研究的是在经济环境下取得成功所依赖的大脑奥秘，而这就需要创新，需要不同于竞争者的另辟蹊径。080While the detrimental effects of noise in classroom situations are not 1imited to children experiencing di sability, those with a disability that affects their processing of speech and verbal communication could be extremely vulnerable.尽管教室噪音不仅仅对残疾的孩子有不利影响，但是那些在语音处理和口头交流方面有障碍的孩子却极易受影响。081By timing the transit from two widely-separated locations, teams of astronomers could calculate the parallax anglethe apparent difference in position of an astronomical body due to a difference in the observer s positlon.通过从两个相距甚远的地方计算行星的凌日时间，天文学家小组可以计算出视差角一—天体的位置由于观测者的位置不同而产生的明显差异。082Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.受欺负的小学生长大成人后更有可能经历人际关系方面的困境，而一直欺负别人的儿童长大后更有可能实施身体暴力，并因此被判处反社会的违法罪行。083On the negative side, this type of organisation doesn t always act effectively, because it depends too much on one or two people at the top,and when these people make poor decisions there s no-one else who can influence them.不利的一面是，这种类型的组织方式并不总是有效的，因为它主要依靠一两个高层领导人物，当这些人做了糟糕的决策时，没有人能够影响得了他们。084Researchers from nine countries are working together to create a map linked to a database that can be fed measurements from field surveys, drone surveys, satellite imagery, lab analyses and so on to provide real-time data on the state of soil.来自9个国家的研究人员正在共同努力，创建一幅与数据库相关联的地图，通过将实地调查、无人机调查、卫星图像、实验室分析等获取的测量数据输入到这个数据库，从而提供有关土壤状况的实时数据。085As the fire continued to rage, the National Trust s conservators were being mobilised, and that evening local stationers were especially opened to provide the bulk supplies of blotting paper so desperately needed in the salvage operation.随着火势的蔓延，来自国民托管组织的文物保护工作者也被调动起来，那天晚上当地的文具店也紧急营业以提供抢救文物所急需的大量的吸墨纸。086Her contribution to physics had been immense, not only in her own work the importance of which had been demonstrated by her two Nobel Prizes,but because of her influence on subsequent generations of nuclear physicists and chemists.她对物理学做出了巨大贡献，不仅是因为已被两项诺贝尔奖肯定其重要性的个人研究成果，还因为她对之后一代代核物理学家和化学家所产生的影响。087The taxonomist sometimes overlooks whole species in favour of those groups currently under study, while the ecologist often collects only a 1imited number of specimens of each species, thus reducing their value for taxonomic investigations.分类学家们有时会忽略整个物种而选择当时正在研究的那些物种群，而生态学家常常只收集每个物种有限的几个样本，因此就降低了分类研究的价值。088Many CEos combine two opposing characteristics: confidencethat is the belief that they re capable of great achievements-with a high level of anxiety, a fear of missing targets, whether set by themselves or by the directors of the company.许多CEO都有两种相反的特征：自信——即相信自己有能力取得巨大成就一一高度的焦虑，害怕自己或公司董事设定的目标落空。089A radical solution, which may work for some very large companies whose businesses are extensive and complex, is the professional board, whose members would work up to three or four days a week, supported by their own dedicated staff and advisers.89一个激进的解决方案就是成立专业董事会，这可能适用于一些业务广泛而复杂的大公司，其员工每周工作三到四天，有它们自己敬业的员工和顾问的支持。090This approach is summarised in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not to prescribe-to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting language change.这种方法总结如下：语法学家的任务是描述而不是规定一—记录语言多样性的事实，而不是试图完成评估语言变异或停止语言变化这些不可能的任务。091Some recent interdisciplinary research has come out with results that at first sight seem contradictory a city needs to have a sense of activity, so it needs to be lively, with sounds like the clack of high heels on a pavement or the hiss of a coffee machine, but these mustn t be too intrusive, because at the same time we need to be able to relax.最近，一些跨学科研究得出了乍一看似乎自相矛盾的结论一个城市需要有活动感，所以它需要活泼起来，夹杂着如人行道上高跟鞋的哒哒声或咖啡机发出的嘶嘶声，但这些声音不能太过烦扰，因为我们同时需要能够放松。092Another strange feature of the japanese pagoda is that, because the building tapers, with each successive floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of the vertical pillars that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding pillar above.日本宝塔的另一个奇怪的特点是，由于这种建筑物逐渐变细，每一层楼的平面图都比下面的要小，所以支撑着建筑物重量的垂直柱没有一根与上面相应的柱子相连。093An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested.1956年，在美国科罗拉多大峡谷上空发生了一起空难，该事件最终促使美国建立了联邦航空管理局(FAA)来监管已经变得颇为拥堵的美国空中交通。094Tourists flock to wells in far-flung corners of north-western India to gaze in wonder at these architectural marvels from hundreds of years ago, which serve as a reminder of both the ingenuity and artistry of ancient civilisations and of the value of water to human existence.游客们涌向印度西北部偏远角落里的水井那里，惊奇地注视着这些数百年前的建筑奇观，它们标示着古代文明的巧妙设计和艺术性，以及水对人类生存的价值。095The antiseptic properties of tannin, the active ingredient in tea, and of hops in beer plus the fact that both are made with boiled water-allowed urban communities to flourish at close quarters without succumbing to waterborne diseases such as dysentery.茶中的活性成分单宁和啤酒中的啤酒花这两种物质的抗菌性能，加上它们都是用开水制作加工的事实，使城市社群在拥挤的区域得以繁荣，免遭诸如痢疾之类的水传播疾病。096As recently as 1993, engineers made a ma jor breakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes which come very close to Shannon s ultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliably, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone revolution.就在最近的1993年，工程师们取得了一项重大突破，发现了所谓的Turbo 码，这与Shannon 提出的数据可以安全传送的最大速度极限非常接近。现在，Turbo 码在移动可视电话变革中起着关键作用。097If a life span is a genetically determined biological characteristic,it is logically necessary to propose the existence of an internal clock,which in some way measures and controls the ageing process and which finally determines death as the last step in a fixed programme.若寿命是一种由遗传决定的生物特征，那从逻辑上来看，有必要提出生物钟的存在，生物钟以某种方式测量并控制老化过程，并作为一个固定程序的最后一步左右着死亡。098Participants in the online debate argued that our biggest challenge is to address the underlying causes of the agricultural system s inability to ensure inability food for all, and they identified as drivers of this problem our dependency on fossil fuels and unsupportive government policies.在线辩论参加者认为，我们面临的最大挑战是找出农业系统无法确保所有人都能获得足够粮食的根本原因，同时还认为我们对化石燃料的依赖和政府政策的不支持是这一问题的驱动因素。099Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they wil1 brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.他们已经在实验室测试中试验了中和雷暴能量的各种方法；今年冬天，他们将勇敢面对现实中的雷暴，使用全套激光器射向空中的雷雨云，使其在闪电之前放电。100Eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating everyone s remuneration, publicizing performance bonuses and allocating annual salary increases in a lump sum rather than spreading them out over an entire year are examples of actions that will make rewards more visible and potentially more motivating.通过公开交流每个人的薪酬，公开绩效奖金并把年度加薪一次付清，而不是分摊到全年来消除围绕薪酬的秘密，这样的行为范例会让奖励更明显，更有可能起到激励作用。
Behave yourself! 请自重！请注意你的行为！例如：--- Tom, don’t talk and laugh loudly with your desk-mate when the teacher is speaking in class. It’s not polite. You are not a child any more. Please behave yourself. --- I’m sorry, Miss Wang. I won’t do it again.music to my ears 爱听的话，好听的话，听起来就像音乐一样动听例如：He said he would write to me soon.. But I have waited for three weeks without any words from him. When the postman told me that I had got his letter, it was music to my ears.Fall (up) on one’s feet 特别走运，化险为夷有时候这个短语也做 land/light on one’s feet, 其中one’s 还可以用 both 来代替。一个人从高处跌下，如果脚先落地，就不一定受重伤，否则凶多吉少。英语中有句话 A cat has nine lives. 说猫有九条命，意思是猫的生命力特别强。这是因为猫动作灵活，反应迅速。猫从高处跌下时，总是四脚先着地，所以安然无恙。 Fall on one’s feet 一语即由此而来，字面意思是“脚先着地落下”,但它通常用在口语中表示“特别走运”或“转危为安”。例如：Her first year was terrible. But she landed on both feet. Don’t worry about Mary, s falls on her feet.show a leg 起床，赶快源于航海用语。19世纪初水手出航可以带女眷同行。每天清晨水手长叫水手起床时常常这样喊：“Show a leg, show a leg or a stocking!” 或 “ Come on, all you sleepers! Hey! Show a leg and put a stocking on it!”这话的意思是准许女眷继续在吊床上躺着，但是必须伸出一条腿，且把长袜穿上，以表示自己是个女的， Show a leg一语后转义为起床或赶快，通常用于口语。Shake a leg是由此演变出来的异体。例如：Show a leg! It’s past 11 o’colck. Come on, Tom, shake a leg, or we’ll never be ready in time. Shake a leg! The train won’t wait.Like hot cakes 像刚出炉的蛋糕，很受欢迎的东西，抢手货例如：This book is selling like hot cakes. After people believe that bananas are good for their health, the market started selling them like hot cakes.
导读：刚从初三升入高一的学生中有些人升学成绩并不差,但经过半个学期或一个学期的学习,考试成绩明显退步,与别人的差距越来越大,不少同学开始感到学习英语很费劲,渐渐失去了学习英语的兴趣,有的甚至萌发了厌学的念头，这是一个非常危险的信号。贤知助手高考频道为大家整理了初高中英语衔接学习方法供高一新生参考。 1、为什么老是记不住单词? 主要问题就出在只记单词的“形”，而不记单词“音”。建议暑期复习音标和一些基本字母发音及拼写规则。利用语言复读机跟读模仿。尽量做到音、形、义结合记忆。这里给大家推荐奇速英语独创《24个故事串记3500个单词》课程，24个妙趣横生的故事，一部跌宕起伏的连载小说。看故事记单词是一种非常有趣，寓教于乐的方法，大家不妨试试!做好课前预习，早记新词汇，先行一步。 单词分类记忆法 直观联想法 在用餐时联想到学过的food有： 主食：rice，bread，cake，noodles，ect. 肉食：chicken，turkey，duck，beef，pork，mutton，fish，ect. 蔬菜：onion，cabbage，carrot，green，pepper，broccoli，(绿花椰菜)ect. (2)举一反三记忆法 反义词：except—include，beautiful—ugly，ect. 同义词：dear—expensive，term—semester，(半学年，一学期)ect. 同音词：meat—meet bear—bare etc. 同形词：tear(n.)—tear(v.) subject(n.)—subject(n.) (3)熟练利用构词法 表示否定的前辍：unpleasant，unimportant，impossible 表示程度的前辍：supermarket，superman 名词变形容词：colorful，hopeful，healthy，rainy 形容词变名词：happiness，fairness 动词变名词：direction，explanation，argument.disappointment 形容词变副词：happily，heavily 合成词：haircut，earthquake，tooth-brush 2、主、谓、宾是什么? 精通基础语法，熟记语法现象,掌握基本句型、熟练分析句子结构,基本句子结构和句子成分,简单句和复合句 (1)英语五种基本句型列式如下： 1. S V (主+谓) 2. S V P (主+谓+表) 3. S V O (主+谓+宾) 4. S V O O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 5. S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 举例示范： I am a student. 主谓 表 I met my teacher. 谓 宾 I met my teacher yesterday. 时状 I met my teacher at the meeting yesterday. 地状 My teacher teaches me English. 间宾 直宾 She finds me clever. 宾 宾补 3、阅读速度慢，理解不准确 (1)掌握阅读技能，扩大课外阅读量 高考阅读题型： 主旨大意; 抓住要点; 细节理解; 获取主要信息;理解文章内涵 词义猜测; 用上下文猜测不熟悉的语言现象 作者意图; 分析作者的观点、态度、意图; 推理判断; 读懂图表和说明书篇章结构; 欣赏浅易的文学作品等。 (2)尽可能开展课外阅读，选择好适合自己的课外阅读材料。 推荐课外阅读材料：21世纪中学生英语报 英语周报 有声杂志《疯狂英语》中学生版，原声版和口语版 (3)坚持每天阅读和朗读 (4) 多做情景交际题，消除文化鸿沟。 A.-- How did you find the fish? -- Quite by accident. I just moved the vegetables, and it was there. B.--Can I go somewhere? --You can go anywhere! C. You don’t say (5)强化听力训练，确保高考得分 消除听力障碍，提高听力水平。坚持听力训练，巩固英语语感。 最后预祝同学们早日适应高中的学习!
导读：在英语考试中，很多同学会忽视答题的规范性，不标准答题会直接造成考试失分，很多考生英语成绩丢分原因其中就包括了答题不规范的问题。其实每门学科答题都有自己的一套标准。下面，贤知助手小编为高一生整理了高中英语期末考试答题规范，供大家参考学习。 1、选择题需要填涂答案在答题卡上 考生可把填涂区依次分块填涂;不要四区一次填完，容易造成移位。 2、书面表达规范要求 书面表达对字数的要求是100词左右，因此，建议考生可以写到100到130。词数为什么不能低于100?因为考生写的太少，看上去不像一篇文章是很危险的。对阅卷者而言，分数不会给的高。倘若写的太多，考生难免费神，自然减少其他试题的答题时间，还可能言多而失。十来个句子，且要保证正确无误。 书面表达若有标题，而且没有在答题卡上印出，考生要记得书写。 书面表达题的“字”法：字色(黑色)，字迹(工整、清楚)，字形(占格子的三分之二为宜)，字体(一致)，字距(不宜过密，不宜过疏，悦目为宜)，字数(比较合适在100-130之间)。 书面表达题的“版”法：三段或四段体，切忌一段到底。每段开头缩进。不可超格、超框。“版”的核心就是要让文章看上去像文章! 书面表达题的“式 ”法：文章无乱涂乱画现象，整洁爽目。修改的地方应该尽量不留明显痕迹。写作一定要有从草稿到誊正的过程。
导读：英语词汇十分丰富，一词多义情况较多。要使学生掌握词的实际意义，准确无误地运用所学每个单词、词组，注重词汇意义的教学就显得尤为重要。英语的词义有语法意义和词汇意义两大类。表示语法概念的意义，叫做语法意义。词汇意义是指词所表现的内容。因此，词汇教学不能仅仅局限于让学生知道词的基本含义，更重要的是让他们懂得如何正确使用。 注意：当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动，相当于to be done。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 典型例题 The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned 答案A. need (实意) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。
